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Arabic and English Contracts in the UAE: Language and Translation

Many contracts in the UAE are written in English, especially between international parties. They can be valid, but language still becomes a practical issue when a dispute reaches the courts.

Arabic is the official language of the UAE and the language of the onshore courts, while the DIFC and ADGM courts operate in English. Where the contract is enforced affects how much language matters.

Validity versus proof

An English contract is not invalid because it is not in Arabic. However, if you rely on it before an onshore court, the court will generally expect an Arabic translation, usually by a certified legal translator.

Certified translation

A certified translation prepared by an authorised legal translator is usually what courts and many authorities accept. Quality matters: translation errors can change meaning, and a literal translation of common-law concepts can be unclear in Arabic.

Bilingual contracts

Parties sometimes sign two versions side by side. Check:

Which language prevails if the versions differ
Whether both versions have been compared by someone who reads both
Whether signatures and initials appear on both

Drafting to avoid disputes

If you expect the contract to be enforced onshore, consider preparing an Arabic version at the start. If you choose arbitration or the DIFC or ADGM courts, English is commonly used, but the arbitration agreement should state the language of proceedings.

Documents from abroad

Foreign-language documents used in the UAE may also need translation and, in some cases, authentication. See foreign documents for use in the UAE.

How a consultation can help

A consultation can identify whether language is likely to be a problem for your contract and suggest drafting solutions. Translation itself is done by authorised translators.

Frequently asked questions

Is an English-only contract risky?

It is not automatically risky, but it may create delay and cost if you must translate it for court. A prevailing-language clause and a planned translation approach reduce uncertainty.

Which version prevails if they conflict?

The one the contract says prevails, if there is a clear clause. Without one, interpretation becomes less predictable.

Can I use machine translation?

For understanding, yes. For court or official use, certified legal translation is typically needed.

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